How you’re exposed

The quiet ways your information gets out: what’s already public, who’s tracking you, what your devices give away, and the scams and account break-ins worth watching for. All of it in plain English, online and off, with something practical to do about each. Start with what’s already out there about you.

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People-search sites

Fixable

Sites like 192.com that turn your name into your address, phone and relatives.

What's already public about youSee what to do

Data brokers

Fixable

Firms that quietly compile and sell a file on you - and your UK rights to stop them.

What's already public about youSee what to do

The open electoral register

Fixable

The version of the electoral roll that is sold to anyone - and the free opt-out.

What's already public about youSee what to do

Your home address on Companies House

Fixable

A company director’s home address, left showing on a public filing.

What's already public about youSee what to do

Property ownership on the Land Registry

Awareness

Who owns the house is public - what you can and cannot do about it.

What's already public about youSee what to do

Cross-site tracking

Fixable

Cookies, pixels and fingerprinting that follow you from site to site.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Your mobile advertising ID

Fixable

A single ID that ties your whole day across apps to an advertiser’s profile.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Free apps selling your data

Fixable

A free game or weather app quietly selling your location and contacts.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Email tracking pixels

Awareness

Newsletters and senders that record when, where and how often you open.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Loyalty cards & retail tracking

Awareness

Clubcard points bought with a detailed record of what you buy.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Session-replay scripts

Fixable

Websites that record what you type - even the fields you abandon.

Who's tracking you onlineSee what to do

Phishing emails

Awareness

A fake message that persuades you to click, sign in or pay.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Spear-phishing

Fixable

Phishing written for you alone, using details that make it ring true.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Business email compromise (BEC)

Awareness

A criminal poses as your boss or a supplier to have money sent to them.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Invoice & bank-detail fraud

Awareness

A convincing invoice carrying the criminal’s bank details.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

CEO / impersonation fraud

Awareness

“It’s the boss. I need this done quickly, and quietly.”

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Scam texts (smishing)

Awareness

The same trick by text message - fake deliveries, fines, banks.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Phone scams (vishing)

Awareness

A convincing phone call claiming to be your bank, or “support”.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

QR-code scams (quishing)

Awareness

A tampered QR code that sends you to a fake site.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Deepfake voice & video

NewAwareness

Cloned voices and faces used to impersonate real people.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Romance & investment scams

Awareness

A long confidence trick that builds trust, then takes your savings.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Recruitment & job scams

Awareness

Fake jobs that harvest your details, or charge you up front.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Tech-support scams

Awareness

“Your computer has a virus” - from someone you never contacted.

Scams & deceptionSee what to do

Weak & reused passwords

Fixable

One password, used everywhere - the attacker’s master key.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Credential stuffing

Fixable

Stolen password lists tried automatically against your logins.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Two-step fatigue (prompt bombing)

Fixable

Being flooded with approval prompts until you tap “yes”.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

SIM-swapping

Fixable

A criminal hijacks your phone number to catch your codes.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Session hijacking & cookie theft

Fixable

Stealing the “already signed in” token to skip your password.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Account takeover

Fixable

Someone gets into your account and shuts you out.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Infostealer malware

Fixable

Quiet software that lifts your saved passwords and session cookies.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Trojans & remote-access tools

Fixable

A “useful” program that quietly hands over control.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Keyloggers

Fixable

Software or hardware that records every key you press.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Malvertising & drive-by downloads

Fixable

Poisoned adverts that attack you simply for loading a page.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Cryptojacking

Fixable

Your devices quietly mining cryptocurrency for someone else.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Mobile malware & dodgy apps

Fixable

Harmful apps and fake “updates” on your phone.

Protecting your accountsSee what to do

Your phone as a tracking device

Fixable

The one device that logs where you go, who’s near you, and what you photograph.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Your connected car

Awareness

Modern cars log where you drive, how you drive, and whom you pair.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Smart speakers & TVs

Awareness

Always-listening devices, and TVs that watch what you watch.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Doorbells & home cameras

Awareness

Your camera films the neighbours; theirs films you.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

What your network sees

Awareness

Your broadband and mobile provider can see every site you connect to.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Face-scanning your photos

Fixable

Your phone and cloud quietly building a face index of your life.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Insecure & public Wi-Fi (evil twin)

Awareness

Fake hotspots and open networks that watch your traffic.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Man-in-the-middle

Awareness

Someone quietly sitting between you and the site you are using.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Lost or stolen devices

Fixable

A laptop or phone goes missing - with everything on it.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Shoulder surfing & screen snooping

Awareness

Watching eyes reading your screen, or your keystrokes.

Your devices, car & homeSee what to do

Employer monitoring

Awareness

Email, chat, keystrokes, webcam and location - tracked as “productivity”.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

School devices & monitoring

Awareness

A child’s whole day on a Chromebook the school can read.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

Ed-tech data

Awareness

Classroom apps whose privacy policy is really a commercial licence.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

The background-check industry

Fixable

Screening firms that never forget an old address or a closed matter.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

Insurance telematics

Awareness

A discount for a box that reports how you drive - or how you sleep.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

ID & age-check mandates

Awareness

Right-to-work, right-to-rent and age checks - each a fresh copy of your ID.

Work, school & institutionsSee what to do

Doxxing & harassment

Fixable

Your private details published to intimidate, or to endanger you.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

Social media as a permanent record

Fixable

Old posts, tags by other people, and photos that never really go away.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

Contact uploading

Fixable

One friend installing an app can hand over your number and details.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

AI training on your posts

Awareness

Your posts, photos and messages used to train the platform’s AI.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

Messaging metadata

Fixable

Even encrypted chat shows who you talked to, and when.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

What the feed infers about you

Awareness

Political, health and personal guesses drawn from what you pause on.

Platforms & social lifeSee what to do

Health & period-tracking apps

Awareness

Period, fertility, mental-health and symptom apps holding your most private data.

Health, money & the bodySee what to do

Biometric enrolment

Awareness

Your face, voice and fingerprints, taken and kept longer than the moment needs.

Health, money & the bodySee what to do

Medical records, used again

Awareness

Health data “de-identified”, then re-linked, and shared or sold on.

Health, money & the bodySee what to do

State surveillance powers

Awareness

What the law lets the state collect - the backdrop to everything else.

State access & surveillanceSee what to do

Facial recognition

Awareness

Live and retrospective face-matching against public and police cameras.

State access & surveillanceSee what to do

Border device searches

Awareness

At the border, officers can ask to examine your phone and laptop.

State access & surveillanceSee what to do

ANPR & movement logs

Awareness

Number-plate cameras recording where your car goes, kept for years.

State access & surveillanceSee what to do

Broken access control

Tech team

People reaching data or actions they should never be allowed.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Injection (incl. SQL injection)

Tech team

Hostile input your app or database runs as instructions.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Cross-site scripting (XSS)

Tech team

Malicious scripts planted in your pages, run by your visitors.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Security misconfiguration

Tech team

Doors left open: default passwords, exposed panels, missing settings.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Supply-chain attacks

Tech team

A trusted supplier or code library is compromised - and so are you.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Exposed secrets & API keys

Tech team

Passwords and keys left, by accident, in code or in the open.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Insecure APIs

Tech team

The behind-the-scenes connections between apps, left under-guarded.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Server-side request forgery (SSRF)

Tech team

Tricking your own server into fetching what it should not.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Unpatched software & zero-days

Fixable

Known holes left unfixed - the attacker’s preferred shortcut.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Exposed remote access (RDP/VPN)

Tech team

Remote sign-in doors left open to the whole internet.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Ransomware

Fixable

Your files locked and scrambled until you pay - perhaps.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Denial-of-service (DDoS)

Tech team

Flooding your site with traffic until it falls over.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

DNS hijacking & domain takeover

Fixable

Your web address pointed at the attacker’s server - or taken outright.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Misconfigured cloud storage

Tech team

Files meant to be private, quietly left open to the world.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Data leakage & oversharing

Tech team

Sensitive information slipping out through everyday mistakes.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Shadow IT

Tech team

Staff using apps and services no one has checked or approved.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Third-party / vendor breach

Tech team

Your data exposed because a supplier was breached.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Insider threat

Fixable

Harm from someone on the inside - careless or deliberate.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

Tailgating & physical access

Tech team

Someone walking in behind you through a locked door.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

USB drop attacks

Tech team

A “lost” memory stick, left for a curious person to plug in.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do

AI prompt injection

NewTech team

Hidden instructions that hijack what an AI assistant does.

Running a website or small orgSee what to do